Course overview

The Victorian Regional Committee have partnered with hospitals in Victoria to bring weekly First Part Teaching via Teams. These sessions are a great opportunity for Victorian trainees to have access to more teaching from different hospital and benefit from a range of educators and knowledge and resource sharing. Please use the Microsoft Teams link to enter the session, running every Tuesday 11:00am – 12:00pm. Please see below the upcoming sessions, topics and questions to study on prior to the upcoming session you're attending. Tuesday 26th November: Topic: CNS physiology, CNS pharmacology Facilitator: Neil Glassford Contact email: neil.glassford2@monashhealth.org Questions: 1. Classify the anti-psychotic drugs (25% marks). Compare and contrast olanzapine and quetiapine (75% marks). 2. Outline the neural pathways for the pupillary light, corneal, oculomotor and gag reflexes. The anatomical course of nerves is NOT required. 3. Discuss the determinants of intracranial pressure (80% of marks). Outline how it can be measured (20% of marks). 4. Describe the structure and function of the blood brain barrier. 5. Outline the respiratory and cardiovascular consequences of an acute complete spinal cord transection at C6. 6. Outline the physiology of excitation and conduction in nerve axons (60% of marks). List the factors which delay axonal conduction (40% of the marks). 7. Describe the physiology of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) (60% of marks). Describe the anatomy relevant to performing a lumbar puncture (40% of marks). 8.. Classify the mechanisms of action of anti-convulsant drugs (30% marks). Outline the pharmacology of sodium valproate (70% marks). 9. Compare and contrast the pharmacology of propofol and ketamine Tuesday 3rd December Topic: Pain physiology, Pain pharmacology Facilitator: Nasreen Bahemia Contact email: nasreen.bahemia@monashhealth.org Questions: 1. Define pain (10% of Marks). Describe how pain is detected and modulated in response to a peripheral noxious stimulus? (90% of Marks) 2. Compare and contrast midazolam and dexmedetomedine 3. Briefly outline the major somatosensory pathways of the body (excluding cranial nerves) 4. Classify local anaesthetic agents and give examples. (30% of marks) Describe the pharmacology of lignocaine. (70% of marks) 5. Outline the motor and sensory pathways involved in withdrawing the lower limb from a painful stimulus. 6. Outline the classification, structure and distribution of the opioid receptors (50% marks). Describe the intracellular events following opioid receptor activation (50% marks). 7. Compare and contrast the pharmacology of ibuprofen and paracetamol. 8. Compare and contrast the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of IV fentanyl and IV remifentanil (60% of marks). Discuss the concept of context sensitive half-time using these drugs as examples (40% of marks). Tuesday 10th December Topic: Musculoskeletal physiology and pharmacology, Autonomic physiology and pharmacology Facilitator: Neil Glassford Contact email: neil.glassford2@monashhealth.org Questions: 1. Compare and contrast the anatomy and physiology of skeletal and smooth muscle. 2. Explain the physiology of neuromuscular transmission. 3. Describe the monitoring of neuromuscular blockade 4. Discuss the factors that may potentially influence the speed of onset of neuromuscular blockade. 5. Outline the mechanisms that potentiate the action of non-depolarising muscle relaxants and give examples. 6. Classify the neuromuscular blocking agents with examples (30% of marks). Compare and contrast the mechanism of action, uses, pharmacokinetcics and side effects of rocuronium and suxamethonium (70% of marks) 7. Compare and contrast the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. 8. List the effects of stimulation of adrenoreceptors on target organs and tissues (60% marks). Describe the mechanism of action and pharmacokinetics of metoprolol (40% marks). 9. Describe the pharmacodynamic effects and indications for the use of anticholinesterase drugs. Tuesday 17th December Topic: Liver physiology and pharmacology, GI physiology and pharmcology Facilitator: Neil Glassford Contact email: neil.glassford2@monashhealth.org Questions: 1. Describe ammonia metabolism and excretion (70% of marks). Outline the pharmacology of lactulose (30% of marks). 2. Describe the composition, formation and functions of bile. 3. Describe the formation of gastric acid (50% marks) and the regulation of gastric acid secretion (50% marks). 4. Outline the physiology of pancreatic secretion (80% of marks) and outline the pharmacology of octreotide (20% of marks). 5. Describe the neural integration of vomiting. (60% of marks) Describe the pharmacology of ondansetron. (40% of marks) 6. Define clearance and hepatic extraction ratio (30% of marks). Describe the role of the liver in drug clearance with examples (70% of marks) 7. Describe the physiology of bilirubin production, metabolism and clearance (70% of marks). Outline the changes in blood and urine of the products of bilirubin metabolism with intra and post hepatobiliary disease (30% of marks). 8. Describe liver blood flow and its regulation. 9. Compare and contrast the pharmacology of erythromycin and metoclopramide. Tuesday 24th December – No session Tuesday 31st December – no session Tuesday 7th January Topic: Nutrition and Metabolism Facilitator: Brodie Farrow Contact email: Brodie.Farrow@monashhealth.org Questions: 1. Define basal metabolic rate and outline the factors that affect it (60% of marks). Outline the ways it may be measured (40% of Marks). 2. Outline the daily nutritional requirements, including electrolytes, for a normal 70 kg adult. 3. Outline the dose (10% marks), composition (60% marks) and side effects (30% marks) of total parenteral nutrition (TPN). 4. Outline the dose (10% marks), composition (75% marks) and side effects (15% marks) of enteral feeds. 5. Describe ketone bodies including their synthesis and metabolism. 6, Outline the role of the liver in the metabolism of fat (1/3 of marks), carbohydrate (1/3 of marks) and proteins (1/3 of marks). 7. Outline protein metabolism, including the effects of starvation. 8. Describe the production and metabolism of lactate. 9. Describe the physiology of the thyroid hormones. Tuesday 14th January Topic: Microbiology, Immunology, Haematology Facilitator: Neil Glassford Contact email: neil.glassford2@monashhealth.org Questions: 1. Describe the different types of hypersensitivity reactions including an example of each. 2. Classify antibiotics with respect to their mechanism of action (50% of marks). Outline the mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance (50% of marks). Give specific examples of each. 3. Classify bacteria according to the Gram stain system and the shape of the bacteria, and give two examples for each classification (40% of marks). Outline the different mechanisms of bacterial antibiotic resistance and an antibiotic for which that mechanism may apply (60% of marks). 4. Compare the pharmacology of fluconazole and amphotericin 5. Describe the immunology and drug treatment of anaphylaxis. 6. Compare and contrast the innate and acquired immune responses 7. Briefly outline the production and fate of Red Blood Cells (RBC) (40% of marks). Describe the breakdown of haemoglobin (Hb) (60% of marks). 8. Outline the sequence of haemostatic events after injury to a blood vessel wall (50% of marks). Discuss the role of naturally occurring anticoagulants in preventing clot formation in-vivo (50% of marks). 9. Outline the formation, structure, and function of the platelet. Tuesday 21st January Topic: Thermoregulation, Temperature, Obstetric Physiology, Endocrine Physiology Facilitator: Ines Vaz Contact email: Ines.PedroVaz@monashhealth.org Questions: 1. Describe the mechanisms by which heat is lost from the body (40% of marks). Outline the mechanisms by which normal body temperature is maintained and regulated. (60% of marks) 2. Describe the methods of temperature measurement. 3 Classify the oral hypoglycaemic drugs (20% marks); include their mechanism of action (40% marks) and their most significant side effects (40% marks). 4. Outline the control of blood glucose. 5. Outline the role of the hypothalamus. 6. Describe the functions of the placenta (80% marks). Outline the determinants of placental blood flow (20% marks). 7. Compare and contrast the physiological changes in the cardiovascular system in pregnancy at term and morbid obesity (BMI > 30). 8. Outline the influence of pregnancy on pharmacokinetics. Tuesday 28th January - Written Mock exam